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Proposes that the redshifts of the galaxies and the cosmic microwave background radiation have different explanations than provided by the big-bang cosmology. The dynamics at the centers of the galaxies are also not driven by supermassive black-holes.
It is generally accepted that the withdrawal velocities of galaxies, will be proportional to their distances and will also be proportional to the time it takes for light to travel from the galaxies to the observer. Fred L. Walker argues that these two statements are contradictory.